采暖对城市热环境影响调查研究

Survey of Heating Effect on Urban Thermal Environment

在晴朗无云的天气条件下,以“汽车流动观察法”在冬季采暖期和非采暖期的夜间分别测试了均匀布在西安城区280个观测点的近地空气温度值,对测试数据进行同时性修正后,绘制城市等温线图,计算城市热岛强度。比较两个时期的城市空气温度分布后,发现采暖对于城市冬季热环境分布影响范围比工业散热和商业散热更广,非采暖期城市热岛主要出现在市中心的工业和商业集中区,城市郊区空气温度分布则相对均匀,热岛现象不明显。基于采暖散热影响,采暖期城市热岛涉及的范围包括整个城区,采暖期城市热岛强度比非采暖期提高2℃左右。当城市采暖不随室外气温变化调节时,采暖对城市热岛的影响相对恒定。

Under clear and sunny weather condition, the temperature data was collected with ＂moving automobile investigating method＂ from 280 spots in Xi＇an city by automatic data recorder during night time from heating period and non-heating period in winter. Then the isotherms and calculated heat island intensity were presented with adjusted data from the collection. The result shows that the effected area of heating caused by winter urban heating systems is stronger than that by industrial and commercial activities. During non-heating pericd, heat island mainly occurs in industrial and commercial activities in the urban centre, but not very significant in the suburbs. Because of the heat emitted by heating systems, heat island would occur in the whole city during heating period, and heat island intensity during heating period is about 2 ＂C higher than that during non-heating period, when urban heating system is not adjusted along with outdoor temperature, the effect of heating on heat island is constant.