顺直谘议局与清末分权制衡体制的产生

Shunzhi Consultancy Bureau and the Emergence of the System of Balance of Power

顺直谘议局不仅是清末直隶宪政改革的产物,也是推动直隶政治体制向近代转型的重要机构。这不仅体现在顺直谘议局通过争取平等权、扩大参政权、干预行政权等方式加强其分权制衡功能;通过查究、弹劾、质问等方式加强其监督制约功能;通过制定和颁布一系列地方性章程和规则加强其立法功能;而且通过与地方政府互动体现其协调功能。通过这些措施,顺直谘议局不仅促进了地方权力的重新分配,而且为地方政治、经济改革提供了制度保障。

Shunzhi Consultancy Bureau was not only the result of the constitutional reform of Zhili in late Qing Dynasty, but also the important organization of promoting Zhili＇s political system to modern transformation. Shunzhi Consultancy Bureau not only strengthened its function of balance of power by fighting for equal rights, enlarging political rights, intervening administrative rights, but also strengthened the function of supervision and restriction through impeaching, investigating and interrogating. Shunzhi Consultancy Bureau also formulated and published a series of rules and regulations to strengthen its legislative function, strengthened its coordinative function through working in coordination between people and the local government. By taking these measures, Shunzhi Consultancy Bureau promoted the rearrangement of local powers, and provided institutional guarantee for the local political and economic reform.