辣椒小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性

Interrelation of cytological development period of pepper's microspore and the morphology of flower organ

为了直接从花蕾大小或花药的形态特征来判断小孢子的发育时期,对辣椒小孢子发育时期的细胞学,以及小孢子不同发育时期与花萼特征、花蕾大小和花药颜色的关系进行了研究。结果表明,辣椒小孢子发育经四分体时期、单核期和双核期,各时期特征明显。辣椒小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态特征、花药颜色密切相关。供试辣椒品种的小孢子处于单核靠边期时花蕾纵径在4.253-5.074 mm,花蕾横径在4.191-5.367 mm,花瓣与花萼等长或稍长,花药长度在2.020-2.565 mm,花药宽度在0.982-1.417 mm。辣椒同一花蕾小孢子发育存在一定程度的渐续性即不同步。依据花器官形态特征可判断小孢子的发育时期,从而确定花药培养最佳时期所对应的选蕾标准。

The bud size and morphological characteristics of the buds and anthers were defined and the paper focused on the relation between the microspore development and the calyx characteristics,the size of bud and the color of anthers. The results showed that pepper＇s microspore develped at three stages ：tetrad, uninucleate, and binucleate, and each stage demonstrated distinctive characteristics. Microspore development also has correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds and the color of anthers. The buds 4. 253-5. 074 mm in height and 4. 191-5. 367 mm in diameter, and the anthers 2. 020-2. 565 mm in length and 0. 982-1. 417 mm in width were discovered to contain microspores at the late-uninucleate. Microspore development of the same bud in pepper showed graduality to some extent. We can judge the devel- opment stage of pepper＇s microspore by morphological characteristics of flower organs so as to define the standard of bud selection in correspondence with the optimal stage of anthers culture.