《考工记》模式与希波丹姆斯模式中的方格网之比较

Comparison of the Gridiron from the Pattern in Book of Diverse Crafts and the Pattern in Hippodamus

公元前5世纪左右,中国春秋末叶的《考工记》和古希腊建筑师希波丹姆斯分别提出了一种方格网城市的规划模式,各自对东西方城市发展具有深刻的影响。两种模式都是用棋盘式方格路网,将城市用地切割成秩序井然的众多小方格,形成规整的城市建筑肌理。但这两种方格网的街道网格性质、街区尺度、公共空间的位置,以及产生的城市空间形态等却有着不同的特点和内在含义,反映出各具特色的文明形态、民族心理和社会组织。

The Book of Diverse Crafts in last years of the Spring and Autumn Period of China, and the architect Hippodamus of ancient Greece respectively put forward a kind of chequered pattern of urban planning in about 500 BC. Each exerted a significant influence on eastern and western urban development. Even though two kinds of patterns divided urban land orderly into numerous similar small checks by chequerboard-like gridiron and formed regular urban tissue of buildings, they still result different features and different connotations on the quality of street gridiron, scale of block, location of public space and form of urban space, thus reflected different cultural form, national psychology and social organization.