基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾仿真系统

Simulation Software System for the Simulation of Urban Post-earthquake Fires Based on GIS

地震次生火灾虽是1种相对罕见的城市灾害,然其巨大的破坏力却逐渐引起广大城市防灾工作者的注意。为了有效防止和抵御地震次生火灾,构建了基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾仿真系统,用于辅助防灾工作者预测和评价城市地震次生火灾的发生、蔓延、扑救和破坏过程。该仿真系统由4个部件构架而成,包括空间数据库、模型库、仿真中心和结果输出。空间数据库组织和收集城市中与地震次生火灾密切相关的空间和非空间数据,为仿真系统提供基础的数据源;模型库是整个仿真系统的核心,包括了地震次生火灾过程中3个关键阶段的模型,即震后起火模型、城市火灾蔓延模型和震后消防扑救模型;仿真中心是仿真系统的运行中心,实现数据和模型之间的集成,并提供完整的仿真方案进行模拟,并以表格、图件和报表的形式输出各种统计结果。这些统计结果可为防灾工作者的防灾决策提供科学的依据。

Although post-earthquake fire is a kind of relatively infrequent urban disaster, its potential destruction has attracted the concerns of urban disaster mitigators. In order to resist this disaster, a GIS- based software system for the simulation of urban post-earthquake fires was built by the authors for assisting mitigators in predicting the occurrence, spread, suppression and destruction of post-earthquake fires. This software system is composed of four main parts, i.e. spatial database, model library, simulation center and outputs. Spatial database provides basic data sources for simulation by collecting and organizing the spatial and no-spatial data closely related with post-earthquake fires. Model library is the core of system storing three models, i.e. ignition model, fire-spread model and fire-suppression model, which correspond to three key steps of post-earthquake fires respectively. As the operation center of system, simulation center integrates data and models to fulfill simulation of post-earthquake fires. After simulation, various statistical results are output from simulation center in form of table, map and report. These results will provide scientific supports for decision-making of disaster mitigation.