朗川公路若尔盖湿地段人工移栽草皮的群落生态学研究

Community Biodiversity of Swarding Restoration Meadow for Highway Construction in the Zoige Wetland,NW Sichuan

通过对若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区国道213郎川段的回覆草皮进行植物群落人工恢复的野外定位试验和调查,对人工切割不同规格草皮植物群落及其α多样性指数进行了初步研究。结果表明,切割草皮试验样地物种丰富度S、Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数均低于背景值;优势度指数高于背景值,优势种和建群种以禾本科、莎草科等为主,切割草皮上优势种的基本指标均高于背景样方;切割面积为30 cm×30 cm时厚度的增加会导致物种多样性和均匀度的增加,面积为50 cm×50 cm、厚度为20 cm样地会保持较为稳定的多样性指标,且有利于保持较高的地下生物量密度和地上生物量。草皮切割面积Sq与物种丰富度S和Ma之间呈极显著正相关,与Berger-Parker优势度指数呈极显著负相关。

Community biodiversity and diversity indices of sward restoration meadow are determined primarily through the field investigation and onsite studies in the Langchuan section of a national highway. The results indicate that the species richness index, Simpson and Shannon--Wiener diversity indices, and evenness index of sward are obviously less than those of the background, while the dominant index is higher than that of background. The dominant and constructive species mainly belong to Gramineae and Cyperaceae. Species diversity increases with the thickness of swarding pieces when the area is 30 cm× 30 cm, and more large area is helpful to keep the community biodiversity. Highest above and belowground biomass and density can be reserved when the area is 50 cm×50 cm and thickness is 20 cm. The results also show that there exist a positive relationship sward pieces area and species richness, and negative relationship between the area and dominant index.