唐代小说中的阎罗王——印度地狱神的中国化

Yama in Fictions of the Tang Dynasty—Indian God of Hell in Chinese

佛教自两汉之际传入中土,其地狱观念伴随佛经传译和教义的流行而逐渐播布华夏。魏晋以降,外来的地狱信仰与本土固有的冥界思想相互融合,开始形成具有中国特色的地狱观念。本文从阎罗地狱信仰在唐代融入中国民众信仰的神谱,阎罗信仰与地藏信仰合流的原因和影响,以及阎罗地狱信仰在唐代小说中世俗化的表现等方面进行分析论述,认为佛教地狱观念经过中国文化的洗礼在唐代基本完成了“中国化”的过程,形成了植根中国文化土壤的阎罗地狱信仰,阎罗王也由印度的地狱神演变为中国的“世俗化”的地狱主宰。

Since the Han Dynasty, Buddhism was transmitted to China, when the Buddhism with a view of hell spread all over the China. From the Wei arid Jin Dynasty, the exotic hell faith combining with the original Chinese nether world thought began to form the Chinese feature＇s view of hell. Analyzing and discussing the theogony of Yama faith mixed with the Chinese faith in Tang Dynasty, the cause and influence of mixture of Yama faith and the Chinese hell faith, and the conventionalized statement of Yama faith in fictions of the Tang Dynasty, the author thinks that the view of hell of Buddhism bad finished its process of Chinese - making through the baptism of Chinese culture in the Tang Dynasty and formed a Yama faith rooted in Chinese culture. So Yama became a king of hell of Chinese ＂conventionalization＂ from Indian God of Hell.