近代乌鲁木齐的市政文明建设述评

On Urumqi Municipal Construction of in Pre-modern Xinjiang

沙俄于19世纪下半叶强迫清政府先后开放了新疆的伊犁、塔城、喀什、迪化(今乌鲁木齐)为通商口岸。乌鲁木齐的城市性质从此改变,成为“约开商埠”城市。乌鲁木齐自开埠以后,近代工商业开始兴起,随着人口和建筑的不断增加,近代的城市问题也逐渐显露出来,有了对城市进行系统管理的需要。在政府的带领和一些开明士绅和官僚的推动下,乌鲁木齐的市政文明建设开始走向近代化。文章重点从四方面探讨了近代乌鲁木齐的市政文明建设:一、近代城市管理机构;二、市政工程和公用设施;三、地方自治机关;四、市民意识。

Urumqi was forced by Russia to open to foreign countries in the latter half of the 19th century. It became an ＂open commercial port according to the pact＂. After that, pre-modern industry and commerce began to develop. Along with increment of population and architecture, urban problems emerged slowly, and city systematic management became necessary. Under the government＇s leadership and supported by some gentry and aristocrats, Urumqi municipal construction moved forward towards pre-modernization.