理论超越的再语境化与娱乐批判的后人文化——论后革命时代的大众文化批评与中国文化语境

A Critique of Cultural Theory and China Cultural Context in Post-Revolution Times

大众文化历来是西方马克思主义者的重点关注对象。以法兰克福学派为代表的、带有鲜明文化革命色彩的传统批判理论曾盛极一时,是伯明翰学派与后现代主义诸家为大众文化批评带来的反拨和突破使其步入了多元共存的文化“后革命”时代。西方大众文化理论的先后引进,刺激了中国大众文化批评的开展,也能解决一部分中国的大众文化现实问题;但要警惕和防止以“他者”的文化眼光来遮蔽中国本土的问题情境,必须结合中国实际将西方文化理论“再语境化”,并结合中国当前的后革命特色坚持适时而积极的文化批评。中国大众文化批评的当务之急是——走出“娱乐至死”的文化陷阱与精神沙化,重建“天行健,君子以自强不息”的文化道统与人文生态。

Mass culture, represented by Frankfurt School, was once in vogue tinted with marked cultural revolution. But it was Birmingham School and others that brought it into ＂post-revolution＂ muftiultural co-existent state. The introduction of Western mass cuhural theories promoted Chinese mass cultural criticisms and in fact solved some of the problems of mass cultures in China. It should be cautious that ＂other＂ cultural perspectives must not cover up the native problems in China. What is needed is to re-contextualize western theories in China, to get out of cultural traps and spiritual desertification, and to foster a healthy attitude of cultural criticism toward mass culture.