艾滋病病毒感染者／艾滋病患者及其家属生活质量和社会支持的研究

Study on the quality of life and social support among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members

目的了解皖北农村地区艾滋病病毒感染者／艾滋病患者（HIV／AIDS）及其家属的生活质量和社会支持现状，分析其相关的影响因素。方法通过典型抽样法采用一般情况问卷、感染史本底资料调查表、生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）和社会支持评定量表（SSS）对331名HIV／AIDS及其家属148名进行调查。结果单因素分析显示，不同性别、不同乡镇、不同文化程度的HIV／AIDS及其家属的GQOLI-74总分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；不同年龄、不同乡镇HIV／AIDS的SSS总分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多元线性回归分析结果表明，高年龄、负性生活事件是影响HIV／AIDS及其家属生活质量的不利因素，而高文化程度、好的邻里关系、烦恼诉说是影响HIV／AIDS及其家属生活质量的有利因素。结论诸多因素在不同层面影响皖北农村地区HIV／AIDS及其家属的生活质量和社会支持，农村现有的艾滋病社区关爱、社会支持工作还亟需加大力度，以家庭、邻里为依托的社区关爱模式有待建立。

Objective To explore the quality of life and related social support among people living with HIV/AIDS with related factors. Methods 331 people living with HIV/AIDS and 148 of their family members were selected using a typical sampling method. Questionnaires on general conditions, tables on history of infection, generic quality of life inventory-74 （GQOLI-74） and social support scale（SSS） were used. Results Data from one-way analysis suggested that people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members with the different sexs, different villages and different cultural backgrounds had differences in GQOLI-74 scores（ P〈0.05） while people living with HIV/AIDS with the different villages had differences in SSS scores（ P 〈 0.05）. Results from Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that being elderly and negative life events were negatively associated with social support （P〈0.05 ）, while factors as more advanced educational background, harmonious neighborhood relationship and having bother pouring nature were the predictive factors（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Many factors might affect dimensions of quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members in rural areas of northern Anhui. Community care and social support of HIV/AIDS should still be greatly enhanced in the countryside of China. A community care mode based on family and neighborhood was expected to be developed.