西周陶簋所见图画、筮数和文字简论

On the Picture,Divination Symbols and Inscription on a Western Zhou Pottery Gui Food Container

2002年7月，在洛阳市东车站东南唐城花园的基建过程中，发掘一座编号为C3M434的西周晚期墓葬。该墓出土C3M434：2号仿铜陶簋的内壁和底部，依顺时针方向刻有成组的图画、筮数和文字。这些图画、筮数和文字，构图奇特，内容丰富，极为罕见。它们应是依据这些图画、筮数和文字的含义以及器物的用途等，在烘烧前刻画上去的，是“制器尚象”习俗的产物。本文谨就这些图画、筮数和文字的含义及其相关问题，略作论述。

The pottery gui food container of late Western Zhou period unearthed from a late Western Zhou tomb at the eastern railway station of Luoyang bears on the inner wall and bottom an incised picture, divination symbols and characters, which are peculiar in composition and rare among archaeological finds. The pottery gui is a ritual vessel for sacrificial offerings. The picture depicts a field carriage, its driver, a hunter and beasts, showing a vivid scene of hunting. Behind the picture are five groups of divination symbols, which can be respectively translated into the diagrams ＂xun 巽 ＂jian蹇 ＂ ＂jiji既济＂ ＂kui睽＂and ＂wuwan无妄＂ recorded in the Book of Changes. Below the last diagram and on the vessel laottom are the characters ＂yu 雨＂ and ＂wu五＂ The meanings of these incisions are all corresponding to the use of the vessel, and the incisions must have been a product of the custom of ＂making artifacts with related scenes depicted. ＂