老芒麦遗传多样性及育种研究进展

Genetic Diversity of Elymus sibiricus and Its Breeding in China

老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)的研究对我国北方草原及青藏高原高寒草甸的退化草地改良、发展草地畜牧业具有重要意义。本文综述了老芒麦在形态学、细胞学、蛋白质和DNA分子水平上的遗传多样性研究概况,并总结了国内老芒麦的育种研究进展。目前国内外专门针对不同老芒麦种质材料(accession)或居群(populations)遗传多样性的研究鲜见报道,相关研究主要集中在与披碱草属(Elymus)及其近缘小麦族物种的系统进化研究方面;其次,我国仅有6个老芒麦国家审定品种,且育种手段较单一、落后,育成品种优势集中在产量和适应性上,缺乏对抗逆性种质的筛选培育。

The study of Elymus sibiricus is important to not only grassland improvement in the northern steppe and Alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau but also the development of grassland livestock husbandry. Recent advances in study of the genetic diversity of E. sibiricus, including morphology, cytogenetics, protein markers and DNA molecular markers as well as breeding in China, are reviewed. So far, genetic diversity studies of E. sibiricus have mainly focused on the genetic relation of Elymus species and their relatives from Triticeaeo However, the genetic differentiation among E. sibiricus accessions or populations is poorly documented and understood. To date, only 6 cultivars have been approved by the National Forage Cultivar Approval Committee in China; moreover, the breeding methods are simple and outdated. The predominant agronomic traits of these released cultivars are only in yield and adaptability, and germplasm resources with abiotic tolerance are lacking. On the basis of current problems, the further research are suggested.