酶催化脂肪族聚酯的合成

Enzyme Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyesters

脂肪族聚酯是一种可生物降解的新型高聚物,可通过化学催化、发酵和酶催化来合成。酶催化合成聚酯是一种新型的环境友好绿色化学技术,可以在温和条件下高效的合成聚酯,有着传统聚合方法难以比拟的优势。尤其是特种酶的应用,为传统方法难以合成的聚酯,开辟了一条新的合成途径。本文综述了脂肪酶催化缩聚、酯交换、内酯开环聚合等聚酯合成方法,并讨论了反应参数(如溶剂、温度、酶和单体的浓度)对反应的影响。

Aliphatic polyesters is a kind of biodegradable polymer. Enzyme catalyzed synthesis of polyesters is a new technique of polymer synthesis and is an eco-friendly process having several benefits over conventional chemical polymerization. Specific enzyme catalysis provides a novel synthetic route for useful polyesters, many of which are diffocult to be synthesized by conventional methodologies. In this article, lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactones, step-growth polycondensation of diacids and diols, hydroxy acids and transesterification of diesters with diols has been reviewed in detail. The effect of reaction parameters, i.e. solvent, temperature, enzyme and monomer concentration, on the rate and molecular weight of the polymers is also discussed.