滇池沉积物总磷的时空分布特征研究

The Spatially and Temporally Dynamic Variation of Total Phosphorus in Sediment of Dianchi Lake

应用GPS定位技术,对滇池海埂、斗南、罗家村、新街、昆阳等5个代表性样点不同层次沉积物总磷进行了为期1年的动态监测,分析了不同区域、不同层次、不同时期滇池沉积物总磷的时空动态变化特征。结果表明,不同区域、不同层次、不同季节沉积物总磷呈现明显的动态变化。滇池沉积物(0～20cm)总磷(P)平均含量为2.16g·kg-1,全湖全年在0.98～4.74g·kg-1间变化,总体趋势是夏季高于冬季。沉积物总磷含量总体趋势的垂直分布为表层(0～5cm)>中层(5～10cm)>底层(10～20cm),除昆阳位点外,各层次呈显著性差异。5位点1年内表层、中层和底层沉积物总磷(P)含量的平均变化范围分别为:1.52～4.74g·kg-1、1.26～3.96g·kg-1和0.98～3.99g·kg-1,各区域以昆阳沉积物总磷平均含量最高,斗南和新街沉积物总磷的含量最低。滇池不同区域沉积物(0～20cm)总磷(P)的含量分布依次为昆阳(3.59g·kg-1)>罗家村(1.97g·kg-1)和海埂(1.96g·kg-1)>斗南(1.65g·kg-1)和新街(1.64g·kg-1)。不同区域表层沉积物-水体中磷的动态变化特征不同。

The dynamics of total phosphorus concentration at different depths of sediment in 5 representative sites of Dianchi lake, Haigeng, Dounan, Luojiacun, Xinjie and Kunyang located with GPS, were studied from May 2003 to May 2004. The spatial and temporal dynamic characteristics of total phosphorus in sediment of Dianchi lake were discussed. The content and distribution of total phosphorus （T-P） in sediment varied with different sites, different vertical depths and different seasons in Dianchi lake. The average content of T-P in whole lake＇ s sediment （0-20 cm） was 2.16 g·kg^-1, with the content of T-P in sediment in summer higher than that in winter, and ranged 0.98-4.74g·kg^-1 in a year. The vertical distribution of total phosphorus in sediments of Dianchi lake showed the similar trends： the topper layer （0-5 cm） 〉 middle layer （5-10 cm）〉 bottom layer （10-20 cm）. The T-P content in a year in bottom layer sediment, middle layer sediment and surface sediment in five studied sites, were 0.98-3.99 g·kg^-1, 1.26-3.96 g·kg^-1 and 1.52-4.74 g·kg^-1 respectively. The highest content of T-P in sediment was found in Kunyang, significantly higher than that in other sites, and the lowest T-P content in sediment was found in Dounan and Xinjie. Content distributions of T-P in sediment of Dinchi lake were Kunyang（3.59 g·kg^-1）Luojiacun（1.97 g·kg^-1） 〉Haigeng（1.96 g·kg^-1） 〉 Dounan （1.65 g·kg^-1） and Xinjie （1.64 g·kg^-1）. Removing and transforming characteristics of phosphorus in surface sediment-water interface varied with different sites in Dianchi lake.