地形因素对降水分布影响的研究

Research on the Relationship Between Terrain Factors and Precipitation

在有限降水资料的基础上,研究影响降水的因素,建立降水量与各因素之间的关系,为流域内的水资源和水环境研究提供了良好的基础。以数字高程模型(DEM,Digital Elevation Model)为出发点,计算出高程、坡度、坡向,直接或间接用DEM和有限的降水资料来推求无资料地区的降水状况。将该方法和系统应用于石羊河流域,用该区域内的20个雨量站的降水资料建立模型,另外6个站点的降水资料做校核,并用模型模拟该区域内均匀分布的230个点的降水量,结果表明所建立的模型取得了理想的模拟效果。

Using multiple regression and Geographic Information System techniques, the authors modeled the spatial distribution of daily precipitation for a rain process in a mountainous region, lopated in the Northwest China. The precipitation data measured at 26 stations were used, using 20 stations for function development and reserving 6 for validation tests. The best model developed used five topographic descriptors as independent variables： longitude, latitude, elevation, slope, aspect. The model accounted for most of the spatial variability in daily precipitation and enabled us to estimate precipitation in areas where there are no nearby stations and where topography has a major influence on precipitation.