不同坡地土壤水分分布变化之研究

Study on the Distributions Change of Soil and Water Properties under Different Slope Land

以台湾溪头地区台湾杉、柳杉及崩塌地三种不同森林立地状况进行探讨其土壤性质变化,利用因子分析及地理统计方法加以讨论不同林相之土壤性质影响因子及因子间相互影响关系,并对于各项因子的影响变化趋势进行说明。结果显示森林地的枯枝落叶层为厚,使其土壤结构较松散,并会增加表层土壤水分保持及有机质含量,再者森林及林下植物相较于草类根系的生长及分布情况,对于不同土壤深度之大小孔隙的比率及水分入渗速率具有明显的差异。且土壤水分移动会因地上植物及地面枯枝落叶层厚度的不同,造成土中物质与能量传递的不同,此结果将影响不同林相下土壤性质之时空变异。

The objective of this research is to investigate the growth situation of taiwanfir area, cryptomeria area and exposed area. Factor analysis and geoststistics methods are used to study the factors influencing different forest aspect and the impacts between factors. Furthermore, the variation curve of each factor will be described. Due to the forest litter layer is thicker than the grassland, its soil structure is looser and has higher water and organic matter content in the solum. In addition, the rhizomatic growth of forest community vertical structure has obvious differences on the herbosa in the pore size distribution and the infiltration rate. Plant species and the residual deposit thickness will affect the soil water movement, which then will affect the soil material and energy transport. These results will cause the soil properties temporal-spatial variations.