云南方言、共同语非谓“掉”用法比较

On the Usage of the Auxiliary Word "diáo" in Yunnan Chinese Dialect

云南方言非谓“掉”的结构类型有六种:“动词+掉”、“动词+不+掉”、“动词+掉+了”、“动词+死+掉+了”、“形容词+掉”、“形容词+死+掉+了”。前三种与共同语书面语毫无二致,后三种是云南方言特有的。六种类型在共同语口语中均不使用,而使用与非谓“掉”类似的结构“动词+了”和“动词+不+了”代之前三种,后三种没有类似的说法。

There are six kinds of structures about the use of the auxiliary word ＂dido＂in Yunnan Chinese dialect. They are ＂verb ＋ dido＂, ＂verb ＋ no ＋ dido＂, ＂verb ＋ dido ＋ le＂, ＂verb ＋ die ＋ dido ＋ le＂, ＂adjective ＋ dido＂, and＂adjective ＋ die ＋ dido ＋ le＂. The first three kinds are identical to the ones in the written Chinese mandarin. The last three kinds belong to Yunnan dialect. The oral language of Chinese mandarin has no such structures but it has ＂verb ＋ le＂and ＂verb ＋ no ＋ le＂that are similar to the first three structures.