车用甲醇汽油的生命周期能源消耗与温室气体排放分析

Analysis of Life Cycle Primary Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gases Emission of Methanol-gasoline as Vehicle Fuel

结合生命周期评价原理,对煤制甲醇与原油制汽油混合而成的甲醇汽油路线的能源消耗与温室气体排放进行生命周期分析。发现煤气化方法对甲醇路线影响较大,燃料的制造环节所消耗的能源与产生的温室气体占全生命周期相应指标的比例均超过50%。在所考虑的四种煤气化方法中,谢尔法的一次能源消耗与温室气体排放最低。若考虑车辆技术的进步,甲醇汽油路线的一次能源消耗可比传统汽油路线降低9%,温室气体排放量仅增加3.5%。此外,分析结果还表明利用煤制甲醇来代替部分传统汽油,每投入1.8t原煤便可以节省1.0t原油。由于我国的能源生产以煤为主,故以甲醇代替汽油的策略既能有效缓解我国对原油进口的依赖,又不会对能源生产造成明显压力。

Combined with life cycle assessment principle, the total primary energy consumption and green house gases （GHGs） emission of methanol-gasoline pathway are analyzed. The results show that coal gasification process has great influence on the methanol pathway, and more than 50% of the consumed primary energy and emitted GHGs are concentrated in the fuel production step. Among four coal gasification processes, Shell process consumes the least primary energy and emits the least GHGs. Compared with conventional gaso- line pathway, methanol-gasoline pathway can reduce primary energy consumption by 9% and increase GHGs emission by only 3.5% with the progress of vehicle technology. Additionally, 1.8 ton coal applied to produce methanol to replace conventional gasoline can save 1.0 ton crude oil Because the majority of China＇s energy production is coal, the strategy of replacing gasoline by methanol will effectively reduce the dependence on the oil import and not have obvious pressure on energy production.