灾害救治系统的中心：急诊科——北京协和医院应对灾害事件救援的临床经验

Emergency department, the centre of disaster rescue system clinical experience of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

灾难是指需要借助外界救援的突发公共卫生事件。在社区水平，灾难就是指那些超出社区常规应急反应能力的事件．它严重威胁人民生命和财产安全。灾难造成的破坏是全球性的，它不仅直接导致人类的死亡、损伤、疾病、营养不良和心理应激，还可造成不可估量的财产损失，进而严重影响当地乃至世界的经济和环境。急诊医生在灾难应急和救治体系中发挥着重要的枢纽作用，他们是连接社区与医院的桥梁。以我们自己的经验来讲，作为医院急诊科成功应对灾难的6个重要环节包括：救治区域设计、急救人员能力、所需的设备和仪器、通讯联络、转运系统和管理监督支持体系。

Disaster is defined as a sudden phenomenon of sufficient magnitude to require external assistance. At the community level, this can be defined operationally as any community emergency that seriously affects people＇s lives and property and that exceeds the community＇s capacity to respond effectively. Disasters affect all parts of the globe and cause harm to people, property, economies, and the environment. Harm to people includes death, injury, disease, malnutrition, and psychological stress. The emergency physician has extensive responsibilities for community disaster preparedness and disaster medical services. There are six critical factors for a successful hospital response on disaster events, including rescue area, personnel, supplies and equipment, communication, transportation, supervisory managerial support.