从农民到公民——宪法与新农村建设的主体性视角

From peasants to citizens——The subjectivity perspective of constitutional law and socialist new village construction

农村最为缺乏的东西是农民的主体性,因而主体性建设乃新农村建设的第一要务。这种主体性建设的过程,就是让农民转变为公民的过程,它的本质便是从身份到契约的运动。因为,“农民”不仅仅是一种职业,而且也是一种身份。作为一种职业的“农民”是可以通过社会分工改变的,但作为一种身份的“农民”却只能通过制度的变革才能摆脱。

What the rural areas need most is subjectivity consciousness of peasants. Therefore, the most immediate concern of the socialist new village construction is the subjectivity construction, namely the process of changing peasants to citizens. Its essence is the movement from the identification to the covenant, for the word ＂peasant＂ means not only an occupation but also a kind of identification. Peasants can change their occupation through social division of labor, but the only way to get rid of the identification is the reformation of social system.