我国高等教育大众化进程中教育公平的重要特征

Characteristics of Education Equity in the Context of its Progress towards Mass Higher Education

高等教育公平是社会广泛关注的一个非常复杂的问题。大众化在“量”的层面促进了高等教育公平,并使高等教育公平呈现出若干重要特征,即入学机会总量增加,但区域失衡和阶层分化加剧;成本分担逐渐多元化,收费标准与人民群众承受能力之间的矛盾凸显;贫困学生资助体系初步形成,但资助的力度有待进一步加大,相关制度尚需进一步完善;政府对高等教育的扶持力度加大,但公平与效率的矛盾依然突出,地方和高校的自主性尚未充分发掘;高等教育公平逐步由“量”的公平向“质”的公平转变。为进一步促进高等教育公平,应稳步推进高等教育大众化,努力实现公平与效率的平衡,尽量缩小高等教育的区域差距,进一步深化高等教育管理体制改革,不断完善对弱势群体接受高等教育的补偿机制,扩大优质高等教育资源的供给,规范、鼓励和扶持民办高等教育的发展。

Higher education equity is a much complicated matter. The popularization of higher education in China has enhanced the equity at the quantity level; and it also brings about several new critical issues. These are embodied in the following five aspects. The opportunity for higher education has increased in total enrollment, but with an augmentation of regional unbalancing and class differentiation. The cost sharing is diversified but difficulty has also grown for the public to bear the tuition. Assistance systems have been established for students of poor families, yet further perfection is needed. More financial support is expected from the government and the market conflict of equity and efficiency is still apparent. So there demands a gradual transformation from the quantity equity to the quality equity.