梁启超的中华民族精神论

LIANG Qi-chao’s Explication of the Chinese Ethos

梁启超坚信,国有与立,中华民族数千年生生不已,自有其壮阔善美的国魂即民族精神在。他把中华民族精神的内涵概括为道中庸重和谐、重统一重团结、重德性、重爱国、重人文五个方面。他还认识到,民族精神不是一成不变的,而是与时俱进的。他的中华民族精神论与其民族主义思想互为表里,构成其“新民说”的逻辑起点和思想基础。他指出,弘扬与培育民族精神应强调民族自省与自信的统一、爱国主义与世界主义的统一、寄希望于青年与加强青年教育的统一。系统整理这些思想,对于加深理解他一生观点多变却不离其宗的内在根源,理解弘扬和培育民族精神的现实意义,都是非常重要的。

LIANG Qi-chao strongly believed that the reason that China has been China that has had thousands of years lies in her national spirit, namely, the ethos of her own. He summarized the Chinese ethos into five aspects, that is, the particular attention on golden mean and harmony, unification and solidarity, virtue, patriotism, and humanity. He also realized that ethos is not something that never changes; rather, it is changing along the time. His explication on the Chinese ethos is consistent with his nationalism, the two of which constitute the logic departure and ideological basis of his ＂New People Theory＂. He pointed out that, to enhance and foster ethos should emphasize the unification of national consciousness and self-confidence, patriotism and eosmopolitism, and pinning hope on the youth and educating them. It is considerably significant to survey these viewpoints so as to deepen the understanding of the invariant inherent ideological root from his constant changes of ideas, and the practical importance of carrying forward and fostering the Chinese ethos.