落叶果树无休眠栽培的原理与技术体系

Principles and technical systems of non-dormancy culture on deciduous fruit tree

无休眠栽培是指利用一定的措施使具有休眠特性的落叶果树避开休眠继续生长,进而开花结果的一种栽培模式。控制营养生长、保证花芽分化,使树体避开休眠,促进足够多的芽整齐萌发,避免二次休眠的发生是无休眠栽培成功的4项重要保证。温带地区无休眠栽培的研究重点是:自然休眠诱导因子的确定;花芽分化进程及自然休眠进程的精确界定;避免进入深度休眠及促芽整齐萌发的配套技术;无休眠栽培条件下树体的生长发育规律及树体综合管理技术;二次休眠现象发生的原因和克服措施;无休眠品种的选育。

Non-dormancy culture is a cultural model, which prevents the onset of dormancy of deciduous fruit trees with dormant nature and promotes the next growth cycle to commence. Restriction of vegetative growth to ensure flower initiation, defoliation to prevent the onset of dormancy, stimulation of adequate and uniform budburst, and avoidance of secondary dormancy are essential for success of non-dormancy culture. Factors of inducing dormancy, determining the stage of flower initiation and dormancy development, the methods of avoiding dormancy and stimulating adequate and uniform budburst, the growth and development of tree and the cultural management, the cause of secondary dormancy and the methods of avoidance of secondary dormancy, and the breeding of non-dormant cultivars are the critical points for non-dormancy culture.