二元结构下的城乡消费差异分析及对策

The Analysis and Policy Research on Consumption Difference between Urban and Rural Areas under the Dualistic Structure

二元结构是指发展中国家社会中政治、经济、文化、教育等多方面结构的断层和分化。由于计划经济体制的影响,我国的城乡二元结构比一般发展中国家更为突出。本文将城乡消费差异纳入二元经济结构中加以考察,并运用垄断厂商逐利行为导致的供给歧视理论对城乡消费差异进行了数理经济分析,发现城乡消费差异不仅是因为二元结构的体制原因,还有垄断厂商供应歧视的经济动因。因此,要建设城乡互动的和谐社会,除了要消除二元结构的体制格局外,还要规范厂商行为、扩大农村商品流通、引导农民消费行为,也许这种规范和引导会成为最终消除城乡二元结构的重要政策选择。

The dualistic structure refers to a ＂fault＂ in social, political, economic, cultural and educational structure, which exists and produces sharp contrast in developing countries, and it is more serious in China because of the impacts of planned economy system. Therefore, this paper focuses on the consumption difference between urban and rural areas under the dualism structure, and makes an analysis of mathematical economy by using the price discrimination theory, which indicates that actions of monopolistic manufacturers chasing profit leads to supply discrimination. And we find that the causes of consumption difference are not because of the dualism structure but the economic motivation of monopolistic manufacturers. As a result, except eliminating the dualism structure, we should regulate manufacturers＇ behaviors, enlarge rural commodity circulation and conduct farmers＇ consuming behaviors to construct a harmonious society and these regulatious and conductions may be the important policy suggestions for eventually eliminating the dualistic structure.