铝青铜合金的基本特性与摩擦学性能的关系

The Relationships between the Basic Characteristics of Aluminium Bronze and Its Tribological Behaviors

利用扫描电子显微镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪等对多种铝青铜合金的微观组织、微区成分、磨损表面形貌和磨屑等进行了观察与分析，研究了合金的基本特性与摩擦学性能的关系，探讨了边界润滑条件下铝青铜合金与４５＃钢对摩时的磨损机制．结果表明，铝青铜合金中软相与硬相的含量比和α－相的晶粒尺寸对合金的微观磨损形式和磨损机制都有重要影响：当较软的α－相与较硬的β－相＋Ｋ－相之和的相对含量比约为７０３０，α－相的晶粒尺寸在３２～６０μｍ之间时，铝青铜合金的摩擦学性能优良，主要磨损形式是轻度的粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损；当软硬相的含量比更高或更低，且α－相的晶粒尺寸更大或更小时，铝青铜合金的主要磨损形式分别为严重的粘着磨损和疲劳磨损。

The microstructure, microconstituent, wear morphology and wear debris of various aluminium bronze alloys have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X ray diffraction. The relationships between the basic characteristics of these alloys and their tribological behaviors have been investigated. The wear mechanisms of these alloys against 45 # steel under boundary lubrication condition have also been discussed. Results show that both the amount ratio between the soft phase and the hard phases, and α phase grain size, have important influences on the micro wear forms and mechanisms. When the relative amount ratio of the softer α phase to both the harder β phase and κ-phase is about 70∶30, and α phase grain size is between 32￣60 μm, aluminium bronze alloys have excellent tribological properties, their dominant wear forms are light adhesive, abrasive and fatigue wear. When the relative amount ratio between the soft phase and the hard phases is higher or lower, and α phase grain size is larger or smaller, the dominant wear form of aluminium bronze alloys is serious adhesive or abrasive wear respectively.