女性搬举最大可接受重量时的劳动负荷评价

Work Load Evaluation of Lifting Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift in Females

[目的]研究女性手工搬举的最大可接受重量,为手工搬举作业劳动负荷标准的制定提供参考依据。[方法]用表面肌电信号技术(SEMG)和Borg量表对女性受试者搬举最大可接受重量时的劳动负荷进行评价。[结果]受试者对称搬举最大可接受重量时竖脊肌肌电幅度波动在59%～87%最大自主收缩时肌电幅度(%MVE)范围内。女性的最大可接受搬举重量远远低于根据NIOSH1991方程计算出的推荐搬举重量限值。在相同的高度,随着水平距离的增加,竖脊肌肌电幅度、RPE(Rating of Perceived Exertion)评分逐渐增加。不对称搬举最大可接受重量时不同扭转角度之间的竖脊肌肌电幅度差异无显著性,P>0.05。身体各个部位的RPE评分与扭转角度呈正相关,相关系数r>0.98,P<0.01。[结论]本次实验所搬举的重量确实为受试者的最大可接受搬举重量,NIOSH搬举方程应用于女性时应适当降低推荐搬举重量限值。

[ Objective ] To study the Maximum acceptable weight of lift （ MAWL ） in females and to provide a basis for drafting occupational health standard of manual lifting tasks. [ Methods ] Using SEMG technique and Borg CR-20 scale to evaluate the load of the Maximum acceptable weight of lift in females. [ Results ] The EMG average amplitude of the erector spinae muscles in tested subjects was in the range from 59% MVE to 87% MVE （ Maximum voluntary electrical activation ） when lifting MAWL symmetrically. The Maximum acceptable weight of lift in females was smaller than the recommended weight limit （ RWL ）calculated by the revised NIOSH equation. The EMG average amplitude of the erector spinae muscles increased gradually with the horizontal distance becoming longer in the same height of lifting, so did the Rating of Perceived Exertion（ RPE ）Scale. The difference of EMG average amplitude was not significant in different angles of rotation when the subjects performed asymmetric lifting tasks, P 〉 0.05. RPE Scales from various parts of body had positive correlation with the angle of rotation, r 〉 0.98, P 〈 0.01. [ Conclusion ] The loads being used in this experiment are really the Maximum acceptable weight of lift in tested subjects. The lifting equation of NIOSH should include a factor of gender, and in female, the recommended weight limit should decrease accordingly.