河流与地下水关系的演化及若干科学问题

Evolution of the Relationship between River and Groundwater and Several Scientific Problems

河流和地下水之间存在着密切的水力联系和频繁的转化关系。近几十年来,受自然因素和人类活动的影响,河流与地下水之间的转化关系趋于复杂化,引起水循环的变化,诱发了一系列生态环境负效益,使水资源及生态问题突显,其中河流与地下水关系及其演化是河流与地下水相互作用中重要问题之一,是属于河流维持机理与地下水可再生能力的基础研究内容。笔者在对河流与地下水转化关系类型划分的基础上,依据室内和野外试验资料,结合地质、水文地质条件,分析了各类型的渗流特征和影响河流与地下水关系演化的因素;从国内外研究现状出发,分析了当前该领域存在的不足和急待解决的有关科学问题,为定量模拟和评价河流与地下水的演化关系提供了科学依据。

Closely hydraulic connection and frequent conversion relationship exist between river and groundwater. In recent decades, due to natural causes and human beings activity, the relationship drives to complexity, water cycle is varied, and series of negative effect of ecological environment are induced, which make the water resource and ecological problems sharp. The relationship and its evolution are one of the most important problems of the interaction between river and groundwater, and are parts of the basic research contents of maintaining mechanics of river and reproducible capability of groundwater. Based on types division about conversion relationship between river and groundwater, according to indoor test and field experiment data, incorporating geological and hydrogeological condition, the authors analyse the seepage characteristic of each type and the factors which affect the evolution of the relationship. On the basis of current study situation, the authors analyse the shortage existing in current field and related scientific problems needed to be resolved which provide scientific basis for quantitative simulation and evaluation of the evolutional relationship between river and groundwater.