攀枝花矿区表层土壤中钒的环境地球化学研究

Environmental Geochemistry of Vanadium in Topsoil in Panzhihua Mining Area

在系统采集攀枝花采矿区周边地带的表层土壤样品及土壤剖面样品的基础上,通过地球化学调查和实验,研究了表层土壤中钒的分布规律、地球化学活动性及潜在的生态风险。结果表明:(1)攀枝花矿区大部分地带的表层土壤受到了钒的污染,表层土壤钒的平均含量是中国土壤背景值的2.79倍;(2)土壤剖面中钒的含量随深度增加而降低,表明土壤中钒的来源受母质影响较小;(3)采用富集因子得到的表层土壤钒的人为污染以轻微污染和中度污染为主;(4)采矿过程中产生的粉尘通过干沉降是引起表层土壤钒污染的主要原因;(5)表层土壤中钒以残渣态为主,其次为可氧化态和可还原态,而酸溶态所占的比例最小,但生物可利用的钒含量较高,存在轻微的生态风险。因此,应加强矿区钒污染的监测,制定有效控制对策,降低钒污染的生态风险。

A total of 59 topsoil samples and 2 profile samples were collected in Panzhihua mining area, geochemical distribution, mobility and potential ecological risk of vanadium were analyzed to show that： （1） the average content of vanadium in topsoil was 2.79 times higher than China soil background value, most vicinities around mining area was polluted; （2） the concentration of vanadium was reduced along with the depth increasing in soil profile, which indicated that the source of vanadium in topsoil was little influenced by parental rocks; （3） the anthropogenic contamination of vanadium in topsoil was light and moderate through the analysis of enrichment factor; （4） vanadium pollution was caused by the dry deposition of dusts from mining activities; （5） the chemical speciation of vanadium were： insoluble residue 〉 oxidizable = reducible 〉 soluble component, while the ecological risk was potential because of vanadium bioavailability was high.