平颏海蛇毒的毒理学研究

TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF LAPEMIS HARDWICII VENOM

用CM-sephadex C-50柱层析,醋酸铵缓冲液洗脱,从平颏海蛇(Lapemis hardwickii)毒腺提取物中分得15个蛋白组分。其中2个有磷脂酶A_2活性,用免疫学方法证实为肌肉毒组分。其中10个是能作用于突触后膜的神经毒组分。肌肉毒的蛋白质含量约占粗毒蛋白质总量的32.2％。神经毒的蛋白质含量约占粗毒蛋白质总量的52.3％。神经毒的毒性比肌肉毒的毒性强。这些结果提示,平颏海蛇毒有肌肉毒和神经毒两种。神经毒是平颏海蛇毒的主要毒性成分。

Fifteen protein fractions were separated from the venom of sea snake, Lapemis hardwickii by means of CM-sephadex C-50 column chromatography. Two (Ⅱ,Ⅲ) of them, composed of 32.2% of total protein, were proved to be myotoxic as evidenced by myoglobinuria in the envenomated mice. Both fractions exhibited phospholipase A activity.Ten fractions were proved as ppstsynaptic neurotoxins. They blocked the response of chick biventer cervicis muscle to both nerve stimulation and ACh, but left response to direct nerve stimulation and K+ unaffected. No cardiotoxicity was demonstrated in isolated frog heart. They composed of 52.3% protein and had higher potence of toxicity.The above experimental results suggested that the toxicity of venom of Lapemis hardwickii are both neurotoxic and myotoxic, but primarily neurotoxic. They act synergistically resulting in peripheral paralysis of respiration.