青藏高原积雪对气候影响的研究进展和问题

Influences of Snow Cover over Tibetan Plateau on Weather and Climate:Advances and Problems

系统地回顾了青藏高原积雪对天气气候影响的国内外研究进展,并对研究中存在的一些问题做出了评述。认识到积雪增加将导致亚洲夏季风减弱或爆发推迟,这是通过积雪-季风关系实现的。对反射率和融雪的相对重要性,尚未有一致意见。高原积雪作为一种重要的陆面强迫因子,和副高、阻高、冬夏季风、ENSO、海温等影响中国天气气候的因子有密切关系。在全球变暖的背景下,青藏高原积雪却出现了增加,对这一问题的研究具有重要的现实意义。高原积雪年代际变化的研究,有助于揭示我国近年来“南涝北旱”雨型的原因,同时有利于雨型反转时间的预测。

The major advances in the researches on the influences of the snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau on weather and climate are summarized. It is recognized that more snow will lead to weaker or later Asian summer monsoon, which is realized through snow-monsoon interaction. As for the relative significance of albedo and melted snow water, there is no, by now, consistent opinion. As an important land-surface forcing factor, snow cover has close relation with the factors of sub-tropic high, blocking, winter and summer monsoons, ENSO, sea surface temperature, etc. It has great significance that the snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau increases on the background of global warming. Studies on the inter-decadal variations of snow over Tibetan Plateau will help understand the causes of the fact ＂flooding in South China and drought in North China＂, and also contribute to the improvement of precipitation forecast.