不同养殖模式虾池弧菌对抗菌药物的耐药性与虾池水质评价

Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrios and Assessment of Water-Quality of Shrimp Ponds with Different Mariculture Patterns in Donghai Island,Zhanjiang

研究了湛江东海岛3种不同养殖模式虾池弧菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,并对虾池水域环境的水温、盐度、DO、pH、叶绿素a、DOC、无机氮、无机磷、硅酸盐、细菌总数和弧菌数量变化进行了监测和评价。结果表明,调查的三个虾池的弧菌对万古霉素产生耐药性,高位新池和传统精养池的弧菌对利福平产生耐药性,对其他抗菌药尚未形成耐性,3个虾池的弧菌对恩诺沙星和氯霉素高度敏感,传统精养池和天然虾池的弧菌对复方新诺明、庆大霉素、TMP和环丙沙星高度敏感;在水平差异上,高位新池的弧菌比传统精养池和天然虾池对12种抗菌药更具耐药性,同时多重耐药菌株在高位新池中出现,可能与虾苗来源和配合饲料中添加了抗菌药物有关。水质监测结果表明,养殖过程中,虾池水域环境逐渐富营养化,无机氮和Chla超过富营养化阈值,细菌总数增加;两个精养池的水体富营养化程度高于天然虾池;调查期间的弧菌数量在对虾发病的感染剂量阈值范围之内,尚无弧菌病害发生的潜在危险。

The resistant incidences of vibrios to 12 antibiotics in shrimp ponds with different maricuhure patterns were investigated in Donghai island of Zhanjiang. The ecological factors in aquatic environment were monitored and assessed in shrimp ponds such as temperature, salinity, DO, pH, Chl a, DOC, DIN, DIP, silicate, total bacterial density and vibrio density. Test of antibiotic susceptibilities show that vibrios from three shrimp ponds show stronger resistance to vancomycin, and the strains isolated from upland shrimp pond and traditional intensive one were resistant to rifampin too. The resistance of vibrios to other antibiotics failed to be found in these shrimp ponds. The vibrios isolated from all shrimp ponds was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin （100%）, chloramphenicol （100%）while the ones isolated from the traditional intensive pond and natural pond were highly sensitive to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, TMP and ciprofolxacin. The resistant incidences of vibrios to 12 antibiotics were higher isolated from upland shrimp pond than those from other two ponds, which was related with the source of little shrimp and addition of antibiotics into mixed feed. At the same time, the strains with multiple antibiotic resistance also emerged in upland shrimp pond. The monitor and assessment of water-quality indicated that of eutrophication in aquatic environment was obvious serious in these three ponds with the process of mariculcure, in which, the DIN and Chl a exceeded the threshold value of eutrophication, and the total bacterial density increased. The Eutrophication was more serious in two intensive ponds than in the natural pond, The density of vibrios was within the range of control density of disease, implying no risk of disease for the mariculture of shrimp in these habitats in this survey.