陶瓷厂矿工人死因队列研究

MORTALITY ANALYSIS OF WORKERS IN CERAMICS FACTORIES

为评价陶瓷厂矿工人中癌症和其他疾病的死亡率，对江西及湖南的八个陶瓷厂矿共１２９４４人队列进行研究，追访到１９９４年底，共计２７５７０１．８人年，死亡２２９０人，全死因标化死亡率（ＳＭＲ＝１．００）与全国居民平均水平持平，死亡超高的疾病主要是肺结核、非恶性呼吸系疾病（包括陶工尘肺）、心血管疾病和肝癌。影响工人寿命的主要疾病是恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、非恶性呼吸系疾病和脑血管疾病。调查发现接尘作业对工人健康的危害是明确的，接尘工人全死因、全癌、非恶性呼吸系疾病、脑血管疾病和肺癌死亡均显著高于非接尘工人，结果表明影响陶瓷厂工人健康的首要职业危害仍是粉尘。

A retrospective study with a cohort of 12944 subjects in 8 ceramics factories of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces was conducted to evaluate the mortality from diseases among workers in ceramics factories. A follow-up of cohort subjects through Dec. 31, 1994, with an accumulation of 275701. 8 person-years, revealed 2290 deaths, a number close to that expected based on the China national mortality rates (SMR = 1. 00). Statistical significant excesses were seen for pulmonary tuberculosis, nonmalignant respiratory diseases (including pneumoconiosis), cardiovascular diseases and liver cancer. Cancer, cardiovascular diseases, non-malignant respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were main illnesses that affected workers' health. Mortality rose in dust exposed workers, especially that of non-malignant respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, all cancers and lung cancer. High mortality occurred in pneumoconiosis cases. The findings indicated that main occupational hazard was dust exposure.