银行卡产业运作模式与反垄断问题研究

Research on Operating Mechanism and Antitrust Issues of Bankcard Industry

银行卡产业是传统金融业务与现代信息技术有机结合的新兴产业,由于银行卡产业的特殊性,使得这种新兴支付方式受到多方质疑。本文在分析银行卡产业的运作模式和产业特征的基础上,对争议较大的同一品牌所有卡通用规则、双重会员制和排他性规则以及交换费的反垄断问题进行了探讨,认为对具有“双边市场”特征的银行卡产业进行规制不能简单地运用传统的“单边市场”规制理论来解释,应结合产业的发展阶段、网络规模和市场规模,对竞争效应和网络效应予以权衡,以促进产业的有效竞争;对交换费的规制措施必须先考虑如何使更多的用户参与到银行卡交易中来,使交易量最大化,这对银行卡产业的发展尤为重要。

As a new payment instrument, Bankcard industry integrates financial operation with information technology. However, the validity of this new instrument ha been questioned a lot because of specificity. Based on the analysis of the operating mechanism and industry characteristic, this paper researches on antitrust issues of Honor-All-Cards rule, Dual membership, Exclusive rule and interchange fee and draws some conclusions that may serve as a guide for the development of Bankcard industry in China.