福建野生紫芝资源开发利用Ⅱ．“闽紫96”(中国灵芝)

Exploitation and Utilization of Wild Zhizi Resources(Sect.Phaeonema of Ganoderma)in Fujian(Ⅱ).G.sinense“Minzi 96”

由福建野生紫芝人工驯化得到的栽培菌株“闽紫96”,子实体中型,菌盖大小7．0～9．0×10．0～17．3cm,其担孢子形态饱满,6．84～7．37×10．26～11．05μm,较灵芝担孢子大;标本(HMAS 77207)经鉴定确认为紫芝(Ganoderma siruense J．D．Zhao,L．W．Hsu et X．Q．Zhang),是符合《中华人民共和国药典》记载的灵芝药材的来源菌物。2004-2005年,采用阔叶树枝桠材栽培“闽紫96”,推广栽培面积860m^3(菌材),平均年产量为12．70 kg/m^3(干品/菌材)。将“闽紫96”子实体超微粉碎加工成300目超细粉。扫描电镜观察可见:其超细粉呈纤维状,以分散、破碎的茵丝片段形态存在,长度范围为10～50μm,直径1．2～4．5μm不等;激光粒度检测结果表明:超细粉的表面积达到227．54 m^2/kg,D97=63．8μm。化学成分分析结果表明:“闽紫96”超细粉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、灰分及多糖含量分别为4．2 g/100g、10．84g/100g、3．71 g/100g、36．5g/100g、30．2g/100g、1．7 g/100g和1．3 g/100g;所含17种氨基酸总量为9．30 mg/100mg,其中必需氨基酸占65．7%;其脂肪酸构成以油酸(45．5%)、亚油酸(27．7%)及棕榈酸(18．8%)为主。此外,其重金属元素Pb,As,Hg,Cd等含量分别为＜0．2 mg/g、0．13 mg/g、0．072 mg/g、0．24 mg/g,符合国家商务部《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》(WM/T2-2004)要求。

＂Minzi 96＂ strain was successively domesticated from wild Zizhi resources（Sect.Phaeonema in Subgen. Ganederma） in Fujian province, and was officially identified as Ganoderma sinense J.D. Zhao, L. W. Hsu et X. Q. Zhng（with exemplar number HAMS 77207）, which accords with the statutory origin of Lingzhi （GANODERMA）medicinal material in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（Ch.P）. The strain was massively applied to log - cultivation with albumum in 2004 and 2005. Popularization scale was 860 m^-3 （mycelia-colonized wood-logs, 1m^3 equal to 1 100 kg）,and average yield （in the primary year） reached 12.70 kg/m^3（dry fruitbodies） .The fruitbodies were of moderate size, with 7.0-9.0× 10.0- 17.3 cm pileus, while most of the basdiospores were plumpy and intact, with a size of 6.84 - 7.37 × 10.26 - 11.05μm.The fruitbodies were processed into ultrafine-powder （through φ300 R40/3 sieve, GB/ T6003.2-1997） by cryogenic vibration mill at low temperature. The micro- morphology of ultrafine- powder was fiber - form, and the structure of context hyphae was disintegrated into fragments, with a length of 10 - 50 μm, a diameter of 1.2 -4.5 μm,observed by scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The granularity was tested by Laser grain - size analysis. The specific surface area（BET）was 227.54 m^2/kg, and the cumulative distribution data D97 was 63.8 μm （ equivalent grain-size）. The analytic results showed that contents of moisture, crude protein, fat, crube fiber, total carbohydrate,ash and polysacchafide in the ultrafine-powder were 4.2 g/100g, 10.84 g/100g, 3.71 g/100g,36.5 g/100g, 18.4 g/100g, 1.7g/100g and 1.3 g/100g respectively. Total content of seventeen kinds of amino acids was 9.30 mg/100mg, and the ratio of essential amino acids were 65.7%. The fatty acid composition included oleic acid（C18： 1, 45.5%）, linoleic acid（C18：2, 27.7%）, palmific acid（C16：0, 18.8%） and others, nonsaturated fatty acids made up the majority. Moreover, contents of heavy metal elements Pb, As, Cd and Hg were less than 0.2μg/g, 0.13μg/g, 0.072μg/g and 0.24μg/g respectively, which coincided with the hygienic standard of Green Trade Standards of Importing ＆ Exporting Medicinal Plants ＆ Preparations（WM2-2001）.