中国古代职业技术教育之方法

The Methods of Vocational and Technical Education in Ancient China

艺徒训练制贯穿中国古代职业教育历史进程,无论是世承制、官工作坊制,还是官工业制、民间师承制,都倡导或坚持了技艺、规范和就业道德融为一体,注重示范与模仿、总结与交流。案例教育方法不仅体现在职医、职官教育之中,也体现在吏员训练和艺徒训练等方面。算学教育渗透于天文历算、冶炼铸造、纺织制器、赋税徭役、商贾买卖等职业技术教育之中,坚持联系生产、生活实际于始终。

The apprentice training system had impenetrated into the whole historical process of vocational education in ancient China, whether the hereditary system, governmental work house system or governmental industry system and non-governmental inheritance system from master to apprentice all advocated the integration of craft, regulation and employment morality, pay attention to demonstration and simulation, and conclusion and communication. The case teaching methods embody in the education of professional doctors and professional officials as well as official training and apprentice training. The mathematical education was integrated into the vocational and technical education of astronomical and calendar calculation, smelting and founding, etc, and persists in the connection with production and life practice all along.