2Jackson TD, Kaplan GG, Arena G, et al. Laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal cancer: a metaanalysis of oncologic outcomes [J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2007, 204(3) :439 -446.
3Sehwandner O, Schiedeek TH, Brueh H. The role of conversion in laparoseopic colorectal surgery: do predictive factors exist[ J]. Surg Endosc, 1999,13(2) :151 - 156.
4Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Seshadfi PA, et al. Defining a learning curve for laparoscopic colorectal resections [ J ]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2001,44(2) :217 -222.