硝酸羟胺急性、亚慢性染毒大鼠毒作用靶器官的研究

Acute toxicity and target organs assessment of subchronic exposure to hydroxylammonium nitrate in Wistar rats

目的研究硝酸羟胺（hydroxylammonium nitrate，HAN）的急性毒性及亚慢性染毒大鼠后主要毒作用的靶器官。方法急性毒性实验中经腹腔对大鼠进行单次染毒，观察动物中毒症状，计算HAN的LD50和95％的可信限；亚慢性毒性实验中，分别以HAN7、14、28mg／kg不同剂量和生理盐水经腹腔染毒动物，连续染毒13周后脱颈椎处死3／4动物，剩余1／4动物停止染毒再饲养4周后同法处死，观察大鼠中毒症状和脏器的组织病理学改变，探讨HAN主要毒作用靶器官。结果HAN腹腔染毒大鼠的LD50为139．3mg／kg，95％可信限为132．3—146．7mg／kg。HAN亚慢性染毒后，动物体重无明显变化，各染毒组动物脾脏脏器系数明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；组织病理学检查表明，HAN可引起含铁血黄素在体内的大量沉积，主要位于肝、脾和肾内，对组织脏器的损伤主要以氧化性损伤为主，主要靶器官为肺、肝、脾和肾。结论HAN属于中等毒性物质，长期接触对机体有一定的毒性作用。

Objective To study the acute toxicity and the main target organs of subchronic exposure to hydroxylammonium nitrate （HAN）. Methods In the acute study, rats were administered with different doses of HAN only once by intraperitoneal injection, toxic signs and morbidity within 14 days were observed. In the subchronic study,rats were administered with different doses of HAN 7, 14,28 mg/kg and 0.9 % saline for 13 weeks. After the last exposure, 3/4 of the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and after the recovery period the rest was sacrificed, the main toxic target organs of subchronic exposure to HAN were evaluated. Results In the acute study,the LD50 of HAN in rats was 139.3 mg/kg, 95% confidence interval was 132.3- 146.7 mg/kg. In subchronic study,the body weigh did not significantly change and the weight of spleen in all HAN treated groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. Histopathologicnl observation showed significant lesions mainly occunrred in lung, liver, spleen and kidney. HAN also led a large amount deposit of hemosiderin in rats, especially in the liver, spleen and kidney. Conclusion HAN is a moderate toxic substance and has toxic effect on organism for long-term exposure.