上海市1990～1994年放射工作人员外照射个人剂量水平与评价

Evaluation of level of personaol external exposure dose to radiation staffs in Shanghai during 1990-1994

作者提出了一种应用联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会１９８２年报告中推荐的放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果的几个参量［１］：个人年平均剂量当量、年集体剂量当量和个人剂量当量大于１５ｍＳｖ人员年集体剂量当量与总年集体剂量当量的比值ＭＲ１５的新方法。并以这种方法评价上海市放射工作人员外照射个人剂量水平。结果表明在１９９０～１９９４年期间上海市放射工作人员个人剂量［２］年平均剂量当量在０．４０～４．０４ｍＳｖ，低于国家标准所规定的剂量当量限值的十分之一（５ｍＳｖ），超过年剂量当量的十分之三（１５ｍＳｖ）有１１６人次，ＭＲ１５在０．０１～０．４９。有３２８人次超调查水平（月剂量当量限值１．２０ｍＳｖ）．对超调查水平者进行随访调查。针对＂真实＂、＂虚假＂者进行详细分析，并为有关放射工作单位提出相应的改进意见和个人防护措施。并指出今后搞好放射防护和个人剂量监测的关键［３］。

Anew method used for estimating several parameters of personal dose monitoring of radiation staffs,which were recommended by the UNSCEAR in 1982(the individual annual average dose equivalent,the annual collective dose equivalent and the ratio of the annual collective dose eqaivalent delivered at individual dose exceeding 15 mGy per year to the total annual collective dose),MR15 was proposed and has been employed to evaluate the level of the personal external exposure dose to radiation staff in Shanghai.The annual average dose equivalent for radiation workers was 0.40-0.404mSv,which was less than 1/10 of the national criterion(5mSv);however,the person-times exposed to more than 3/10 of the criterion were 116,MR15 being 0.01-0.49.328 person-times surpassed the investigation level(the limit value of the monthly dose is 1.20mSv).Those people were specially paid visits and“true”or“false”was identified in detail.Moreover,both personal protective measures and other aspects to be improved were suggested.The key points of the improvement in personal protection and of personal dose monitoring were commented.