猪器官与细胞在人类移植中的应用前景(英文)

Prospects of using organs and cells from pigs for transplantation into humans

一旦猪的器官能够用于人的器官移植,器官移植将进入一个新的时代。我们将获得无限量的、无损伤的细胞和器官供体用于器官移植,而来自死亡或活体的人类器官供体将逐渐废弃。此外,可以利用基因修饰动物源供体减轻(至少部分减轻)对移植物的排斥反应。目前,对于实施猪到人的器官移植,有3个主要障碍:强烈的免疫排斥;跨种系感染的潜在危险,特别是内源性逆转录病毒;将来对移植受体和社会的伦理问题。本文将第一次针对如何克服目前异种移植障碍所进行的工作进行讨论,也将详细讨论一些使用猪器官潜在好处,还将对一些尝试将猪细胞移植到人的经验教训进行评述。

Once pig organs can be transplanted into humans, transplantation will move into a new era. There will be unlimited access to undamaged organs, and cells for transplantation and, eventually, donation from deceased or live human beings will become obsolete. Furthermore, it will be possible to alleviate graft rejection, at least in part, by genetic modification of the source animal. Currently, there are three major obstacles to performing transplantations from pig to man： a powerful immune barrier, a potential risk of transmitting microorganisms, particularly endogenous retrovirus, and ethical issues related to the future recipients and to society at large. This article will first discuss the ongoing work with regards to overcoming the current obstacles. Also, the many potential advantages of using pig organs will be discussed in some detail. Furthermore, lessons learned from attempts at transplanting porcine cells to patients will be reviewed.