禽流感免疫预防的探讨

Discuss on Vaccination Against Avian Influenza

近年来,在禽流感新型疫苗研究上取得了一定进展,但是目前国内外禽流感免疫仍主要使用灭活疫苗。大量的研究和防控实践表明,有效的禽流感疫苗接种可预防家禽发病,阻断病毒的传播,即使免疫禽受到强毒攻击感染后病毒排出量也显著减少,这就减少了病毒发生自然突变的机会,降低了疫病向禽群和人传播的风险;疫苗的正确应用可在控制禽流感中发挥重要作用。因此,应根据不同地区总体防控策略和具体疫情状况,正确评估禽流感免疫预防作用。在禽流感发生的高风险地区,全面预防接种是防控禽流感的关键技术措施,具有至关重要的作用。

During recent years, great progresses were made in some kinds of new vaccines. But oil-adjuvant inactivated vaccines were applied mainly in the practice nowadays. Plenty of experimental researches and practices suggested that effective vaccination can prevent disease and interrupt virus transmission. Even though vaccinated poultry were infected, the amount of viruses shed was reduced remarkably. It reduced the chance of the selection of antigenic drift variants and the risk of virus transmission to humans and poultry. Proper implication of vaccination can play an important role in prevention and eradication of avian influenza. Therefore, the role of vaccination against avian influenza should be valued properly according to control strategies and epidemic situations of different areas. The compulsory vaccination is the key measure to prevent and control highly pathogenic avian influenza at high risk areas such as China.