红霉素、阿奇霉素、磺胺嘧啶、大蒜素体外抗弓形虫作用的研究

The Effects of Azithromycin、Erythromycin、Sulfadiazine and Allitride on Toxoplasma Gondii in Vitro

目的 比较阿奇霉素、红霉素、磺胺嘧啶、大蒜素体外抗弓形虫的效果。方法 用弓形虫RH株速殖子感染培养在盖玻片上的巨噬细胞，每一种药物根据其血药浓度及预实验设立2～3个浓度，分别在速殖子侵入细胞前和侵入细胞后用不同浓度的药物处理，每隔1小时在倒置显微镜下观察细胞及弓形虫的形态及生长情况，9天后取出盖玻片，经吉氏染色、二甲苯透明后，镜下观察。再将培养液及培养细胞注入鼠腹腔，观察小鼠的发病情况。结果 阿奇霉素的浓度在20μg／mL时具有抑制虫体生长的作用，〉40μg／mL时对巨噬细胞有明显的毒性。红霉素的浓度为100μg／mL、150μg／mL时可抑制弓形虫的生长与繁殖，但不能完全杀死虫体，形成假包囊，将假包囊及培养液接种小鼠腹腔，6天后，小鼠发病死亡，解剖小鼠后，可见大量的虫体。没有观察到100μg／mL、200μg／mL的磺胺嘧啶及20μg／mL、40μg／mL的大蒜素抑制弓形虫生长的作用。结论 阿奇霉素具有明显的杀灭速殖子的作用，但浓度大于40μg／mL时对细胞的毒性较大，100μg／mL的红霉素可抑制弓形虫生长繁殖，形成假包囊（或包囊）。当红霉素的浓度达150μg／mL时，对弓形虫的抑制作用增强，但不能完全杀灭弓形虫。100μg/mL、200μg／mL的磺胺嘧啶及20μg/mL、40μg/mL的大蒜素对弓形虫的生长无抑制作用。

Objective To assess the in vitro effects of azithromycin erythromycin sulfadiazine and allitride on toxoplasma gondii. Methods The cultures of mouse macrophages were prepared on glass cover slips in dishes and grown to confluence. Then confluent monolayers were infected with 105 parasites. Antimicrobial agents at various concentrations were added to the dishs at the same time when tachyzoites were added into the dishs or after tachyzoites invade into the macrophages. Cultures were examined at frequent intervals with an inverted microscope to document the infection of cells and the formation of pseudocysts. The glass cover slips were taken out from the dishes at 1,4,8,12,16,20,24,48,72 h respectively, washed immediately in Hank＇s, stained with Giemsa,and examined microscopically. Results The inhibitory concentration were 20 μg/mL for azithromycin. At 40 μg/mL 80 μg/ mL azithromycin, cytotoxic effect on the host cell and parasiticidal effect could be detected by microscopy. At 100 μg/mL, 150μg/mL erythmmycin were found to have important inhibitory effects on toxoplasma gondii. But it is not parasiticidal. At 100 μg/mL,200 μg/mL sulfadiazine can not inhibit the growth of the toxoplasma, gondii. And at 20μg/mL,40μg/mL allitride can not inhibit the growth of the toxoplasma gondii. Conclusion The results of this experiment revealed that azithmmyein have a strong parasitieidal effect on toxoplasma gondii. At 100μg/mL and 150 μg/mL erythmmycin cannot kill the parasities, but can inhibit the growth of toxoplasma gondii. At 100 μg/mL,200 μg/mL sulfadiazine cannot inhibit the growth of toxoplasma gondii. At 20 μg/mL,40 μg/mL allitride can not inhibit the growth of toxoplasma gondii too.