气候变化对河南省主要农作物生育期的影响

Impacts of Climate Change on Growing Stages of Main Crops in Henan Province

利用河南省7个农业气象观测站1981-2004年冬小麦、夏玉米的生育期观测资料和同期的气象资料,分析了这两种作物主要生育期的变化趋势及对气候变化的响应。结果表明:河南省冬小麦自返青到成熟的各生育期均表现出提前的趋势,其中以拔节期提前最明显;冬小麦全生育期缩短,存在1.3d/10a的总减少趋势;相关分析显示导致冬小麦生育期提前的主要原因是2-5月平均气温的上升和3月日照时数的增加。夏玉米所有生育期都表现出延迟的趋势,以成熟期延迟程度最大;夏玉米全生育期天数呈现出显著增加的趋势,增加速率为2.1d/10a;6-9月总降水量减少是造成夏玉米生育期延迟的主要原因。

Based on the crop growth stages and climate data of seven meteorological stations from 1981 to 2004 in Henan Province, the climate change and its impacts on main growing stages of winter wheat and summer corn were analyzed. The results showed that the growing stage from reviving to maturity stage of winter wheat became earlier and the postponed tendency of the jointing stage was the most obvious. The whole growing period of winter wheat had been reduced by 1.3 day per ten years. The main reasons caused the shorter growing period were that the average temperature increased from February to May and the sunshine hour reduced in March. All growing stages of summer corn were postponed and the postponed tendency of the maturity stage was the most obvious. The reduced total precipitation from Jun to September led to a postponed tendency of growing period of summer corn. Therefore, the whole growth period of summer corn had been increased by 2. 1 day per ten years.