在2种蔬菜土壤上铜钼硅对苦瓜产量和品质的影响研究

Effects of Copper,Molybdenum,Silicon Nutrition on Balsam Pear(Momordica charantia) Yield and Quality in Two Vegetable Fields

在质地为细砂土和粉壤土的2种土壤上,研究铜、钼、硅施用对苦瓜产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,在细砂土上施铜能显著提高苦瓜产量,在粉壤土上施硅极显著提高了苦瓜产量;在细砂土上施铜、钼极显著降低了苦瓜硝酸盐含量,而施硅未降低硝酸盐含量,在粉壤土上施铜、钼、硅均使苦瓜硝酸盐含量降低,且与对照的差异达到显著或极显著水平;在2种质地的土壤上施铜、钼、硅对维生素C含量没有明显的影响,在细砂土上施铜、钼、硅极显著提高了可溶性糖含量,在粉壤土上施铜、钼亦极显著提高了可溶性糖含量,而施硅显著降低了可溶性糖含量。本试验结果表明在不同的质地上施用不同的铜、钼、硅肥对苦瓜的增产效应和品质改善效应不同。

Effects of Cu, Mo and Si fertilizer on balsam pear （Momordica charantia） yield and quality were studied in two vegetable soils. The results showed that comparing with CK, the Cu fertilizer had significant effects on yield in fine sand while yield was not increased with application of Mo and Si fertilizer. Applying of Cu or Mo in silt loam had not significant effect.on the yield of balsam pear compared with CK, however, the yield was increased obviously with applying of Si fertilizer in silt loam. The content of nitrate nitrogen was significantly decreased by 19. 15%-43. 35% with applying of Cu or Mo while it was not decreased by treatment with Si fertilizer in fine sand. The content of nitrate nitrogen was decreased when applied with Cu, Mo, Si in silt loam. The diversity of nitrate contents between fertilization treatment and comparison was notable in the silt loam （P〈0.01）. Applied with microelement and silicon fertilizers did not have significant effect on the content of vitamin C in two soils. The watersolubility sugar contents were increased in the two soils that applied with Cu or Mo fertilizer. The content of water-solubility sugar in fine sand and silt loam soil was increased by 85.40%-148. 68% and 27.72%-65.31%, respectively. However the sugar content was decreased significantly with application of Si in silt loam. The results in this study showed that applying of microelement and silicon fertilizer in different texture soils had different effect on yield and quality of balsam pear.