出土文字资料与五帝新证

LITERAL DATA UNEARTHED IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND NEW EVIDENCE ON THE"FIVE EMPERORS"

司马迁在《史记·五帝本纪》中认为其时“学者多称五帝，尚矣”，但实际上“百家言黄帝，其文不雅驯，荐绅先生难言之”。他还说到，当时学者对《大戴礼记》所记孔子、宰予师徒就五帝传说相互问答的《五帝德》和《帝系姓》（今本称《帝系》）就有怀疑，故“儒者或不传”。但司马迁对百家所言五帝以及其时东南西北各地“长老皆各往往称黄帝、尧、舜之处”，对“黄帝以来皆有年数”的各种《牒记》（《史记·三代世表》），并未盲从，而是以较早的文献加以验证，认为“不离古文者近是”；对五帝历史也未完全否定，说：“予观《春秋》、《国语》，其发明《五帝德》、《帝系姓》章矣，顾弟弗深考，其所表见皆不虚。《书》缺有间矣，其轶乃时时见于他说”。

In the inscription of the ＂Qi Marquis In Qi＂ dui （semi-global vessel with a semi-global cover） made by the Qi State prince Weiwang in his early reign, he calls definitely his ancestor that founded the Tian Qi regime ＂Emperor＂ in accodance with the institution for the overlord in the middle Warring States period. In the pre-dynastic Zhou culture, the ethnic insignia ＂Tian Yuan 5天鼋 on bronzes is identical just with the name of the emperor ＂Xuan Yuan 轩辕＂ On the chime stone unearthed from the No. 1 large tomb in the Qin Duke graveyard, there is the inscription ＂Gao Yang＇s spirit lives with us 高阳有灵,”which means that Qin Duke Jinggong, in his seeking hegemony, resorted to the spirit of his ancestor Gao Yang, i.e. Zhuan Xu颛顼.