革兰阴性细菌Ⅳ型菌毛的致病机制研究进展

Pathogenesis of type 4 pili of gram-negative bacteria

革兰阴性杆菌是临床上能引起严重感染的重要菌群，其毒力因子之-Ⅳ型菌毛的作用正越来越受到关注。Ⅳ型菌毛分布于革兰阴性细菌的表面，由多基因编码各种结构性和功能性菌毛蛋白，在革兰阴性细菌的致病过程中发挥作用。Ⅳ型菌毛有重要的黏附功能，介导细菌和宿主上皮细胞的识别、接触；而且其特有的表面运动、帮助细菌生物膜的形成及转化、噬菌转导和免疫调节等作用均构成了其独特且重要的毒力作用。

Gram-negative bacteria are a clinically important beteria group with its powerful virulence. Type 4 pili is one of the virulent factors of gram-negative bacteria. All gram-negative bacterial surfaces have type 4 pill which are polymeric assemblies of the protein pilin. Many pathogenic functions have been attributed to type 4 pill, including adhesion, surface motility, biofilm formation, cell signaling, transformation of DNA and phage attachment. Improved understanding of type 4 pili is useful in the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics.