论南宋宣抚使和制置使制度

A Study on the System of Xuanfu Shi (宣抚使) and Zhizhi Shi (制置使) in the Southern Song Dynasty

出于南宋初年军事行动的需要，宋政权建立了多种管理数路兵马防务并兼管民事的机构。其中以制置使和宣抚使为长官的机构，在绍兴五年之後，已在四川、京湖和江淮地区形成较稳定的辖区范围，并成为辖区内最高军事民政长官。但是，通过剥夺监司和总领的权力，其在民事和财政上的职权於绍兴五年之後一直呈现逐渐扩张之趋势。制置使和宣抚使是宋政权加强军事防御的产物，但它们增加了地方行政层级，导致中央集权的力度减弱。本文并讨论了与制置使、宣抚使相关的其他制度，分析了四川、京湖、江淮三大制置使、宣抚使辖区的区别。

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty,various official institutions,which were in charge of the military and civil affairs in several high administrative districts,were set up for the martial requirement.Two of them,Xuanfu Shi and Zhizhi Shi became the magistrates in Sichuan,Jinghu and Jianghuai areas in 1135 A.D. Their powers were strengthened sequentially after then,through usurping the power of other officials.These two posts were installed for the defence against foreign enemies,they,however,increased the local administrative levels and weakened the power of centralization. Other systems concerning the two positions are discussed as a supplement in this study,as well as the differences in the above three regions under the administration of Xuanfu Shi or Zhizhi Shi.