丘处机“一言止杀”再辨伪

The Interception of Chingis Khan’s Killings by Qiu Chuji:A Revisit

公元1222年丘处机应召在西域为成吉思汗讲道，其事具载1228年成书的李志常《长春真人西游记》、耶律楚材《西游录》。其讲道内容见於1232年刊印的《玄风庆会录》。丘处机卒後数年，其徒大力宣传他曾向成吉思汗建言止杀，为成吉思汗采纳。此即後世所谓“一言止杀”，影响及於今日。本文从考辨与解读最早的资料入手，循迹而下，揭示此故事的产生与发展过程，证明它不过是丘处机後继者炮制的谎言而已。

In the year of 1222,Qiu Chuji,a well-known Taoist of the Quanzhen Sect(or the“All Truth”Sect),was summoned to the piedmont of Hindukush to lecture to Chingis Khan on the Taoist doctrine.His trip was recounted in Changchun Zhenren Xiyouji(长春真人西游记,The Westward Travel of the Spring-Lasting Immortal), written in 1228 by Li Zhichang,one of Qiu's disciples,and also in YelüChucai's Xiyoulu(西游录,The Description of the Westward Travel).His lectures were recorded in Xuanfeng Qinghuilu(玄风庆会录,The Fortunate Ascendancy of the Taoist Religion)printed in 1232.After Qiu's death,his disciples began to claim that Qiu Chuji had dissuaded Chingis Khan from killings,and such persuasion had been accepted by the Khan.This was known as“the interception of Chingis Khan's killings”,and has been generally acknowledged by scholars ever since.This paper tries to reveal how the story was“invented”by Qiu's adherents through careful reading and scrutiny of the original sources and later adaptions.