重构基于“现实”假设的决策理论

Restructuring the decision theory based on the realistic hypothesis

决策者作为现实生活中的人,是理性与非理性的结合体。追求自身利益最大化只是人类的理性本性之所在,决策者在各种现实约束条件下追求其自身利益的最大化;经济利益只是决策者价值判断准则体系中一部分,尤其在纯经济决策中,经济利益是价值的主体,但并不排除其它非理性价值因素对决策者价值判断的影响。现实的决策价值准则体系既包含理性的经济利益,也包含非理性的情感偏好、习俗、文化、宗教等因素;决策者的决策能力既包含理性认知能力又包含非理性认知能力。理性认知能力不仅是有限的(西蒙的假设),而且还是动态变化的。非理性认知能力(非逻辑思维)是创新性决策不可或缺的要素,与理性认知能力一样,非理性认知能力也具有变量特征,它同样因人而异,因时而异。因此,基于“现实”假设的决策理论,遵循受现实约束条件限制的最大化原则,决策价值准则体系既包含经济理性,又包含其它非理性因素,决策思维方式既包含理性的逻辑思维又包含非理性的感性思维,基于“现实”假设的决策理论是理性与非理性的整合。

The decision maker is a body combined with rationality and irrationality. The mankind pursues the biggest economic benefit because they are rational. But the economic benefit is not the all. The worth standard system of realistic decision includes rational economic benefits as well as irrational emotional favor, custom, culture, religion etc. So the decision theory ought to be reconstructed according to the realistic hypothesis and be combined with rationality and irrationality.