北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析

Analyzing the Land Use Structure Characteristics of Rural Residential Area in Beijing City

农村居民点作为一个具有复合功能的用地载体,对其内部结构的深入分析有助于更好的了解农村居民点用地结构与功能的演变规律。本文结合GIS技术使用景观生态学的研究方法,对不同区位条件下农村居民点用地内部结构特征演变的区位特点进行分析,进而揭示农村居民点用地内部结构的地域分异规律。分析发现,农村居民点用地内部结构特征具有区域差异性。在众多区位要素中,农村居民点与城市之间的距离是刻画这种分异规律最为突出的,而由于北京市乡镇层次上交通道路完备程度分异性不强,因此距交通道路的距离的影响则并不太显著。随着区位条件逐渐外推,农村居民点用地结构的多样性指数逐渐降低,集中性指数则在增加;生产力水平的不同使农村居民点用地内部结构形成不同的地域特点。同时,随着区位条件的改变,农村居民点内部不同用地类型的区位意义指数也在发生规律性变化。文章认为在新农村建设过程中,应将农村居民点用地结构的调整纳入到城市空间结构调整内容之中。要从社会经济发展的实际情况出发统筹城乡发展,着力于合理安排城乡产业用地布局,并体现土地集约利用的方向;同时,还应根据区域特点的不同采取不同村镇规模控制标准,提出各自农村居民点用地的调整模式与途径。

The rural residential area is a land carrier of multiple functions, and making an in-depth analysis on its inner land use structure can help find the rule of evolution of the structure and function exactly. Based on a detailed investigation on the land use in rural residential area, this paper got the firsthand land use date on how the rural residential area are structured and analyzed the location characteristics of the change of inner land use structure in rural residential area of different location conditions with the aid of landscape-ecology method and GIS. The results of location analysis on the inner land use structure showed that regional difference was evident, which is the most evident if the region was partitioned according to the distance to the city and is not so evident as to the distance to the road. And the diversity index was getting smaller while the centrality indices getting bigger as the location went outwards. It is the difference in productivity that caused the different region characteristic＂ of land use structure. Meanwhile, the location index of different land use types is changed regularly as the location changes. The final section of this paper suggested that the adjustment of land use structure of rural residential area should be considered in the city spatial structure adjustment. And also the development of urban and rural should be integrated in view of arranging the industry distribution reasonably, and the rural residential areas with different character should take different scale control standard. Moreover, different rural residential areas should have different modes and approaches of land adjustment.