酸催化合成生物柴油的研究现状

Present Situation of Study on Synthesis of Biodiesel by Acid-catalysis

生物柴油生产过程中的催化剂是一个关键问题。目前,在生物柴油的规模化生产中碱催化和酸催化应用最为广泛。与碱催化相比,酸催化由于反应速度慢、所需反应条件苛刻而使其应用受到了限制,然而酸催化制备生物柴油的优点也是显而易见的。简述了在酸催化作用下将高酸值原料油转化为生物柴油的原理、酸催化工艺,主要介绍了国外从机理方面对酸催化剂的研究,涉及酯交换和酯化两个方面。最后对酸催化反应的影响因素以及仍存在的问题也稍加叙述。

The catalyst is a critical point in the preparation, process of biodiesel. At present, base - catalysis and acid - catalysis are widely used in the manufacture of biodiesel. Compared with the base - catalysis, the application of acid - catalysis is hmited for its lower reaction rate, harsh conditions. However, the advantages of acid - catalysis for preparing biodiesel are obvious. The principle of translating raw oils with high acid value into biodiesel and the acid - catalysis technology are briefly introduced. Foreign study on the aspect of mechanism of acid - catalyst is detailed which includes transesterification and esterification. The effects on acid - catalysis reactions and some unsolved problems are mentioned.